Move Body Across Window Frame in C++

How to Draw on the C++ Window Frame

We'll will draw a circle - our body - using the Ellipse method with a HDC context.

Animating a Body

To make the circle appear to move across the canvas, i.e., animate the circle, we'll simply draw the circle repeatedly, changing its position progressively as well as clearing the previous image.

Create 2 new class files;
Call them Facet and MovingBody.
Type out the adjoining C++ code for animating an image body across the window frame.

Note: The code module for our Dymetric class was too big to be squeezed in with the others.
But not to worry; it, as well as the Facet class header file(Facet.h), will remain the same for the rest of the demonstrations in this category, hence will be left out hence forth.

Dymetric Header file

#pragma once

#include "resource.h"

Dymetric Class file

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Dymetric.h"
#include "Facet.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // current instance
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // The title bar text
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // the main window class name

/*PoI* _____________________________________________________ *PoI*/
COLORREF window_background_color = RGB(192, 192, 192);
/*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*/

// Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: Place code here.

    // Initialize global strings
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_DYMETRIC, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // Perform application initialization:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_DYMETRIC));

    MSG msg;

    // Main message loop:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}

//
//  FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  PURPOSE: Registers the window class.
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_DYMETRIC));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_DYMETRIC);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   FUNCTION: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window
//
//   COMMENTS:
//
//        In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and
//        create and display the main program window.
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  PURPOSE:  Processes messages for the main window.
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - process the application menu
//  WM_PAINT    - Paint the main window
//  WM_DESTROY  - post a quit message and return
//
//
HBITMAP hBitmap = NULL;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    /*PoI* _______________________________________________________________________ *PoI*/

    int window_width = NULL;
    int window_height = NULL;
    RECT window_rect;
    int button_x_position = 100;
    int button_y_position = 10;
    int button_width = 150;
    int button_height = 50;

    if (GetClientRect(hWnd, &window_rect))
    {
        window_width = window_rect.right - window_rect.left;
        window_height = window_rect.bottom - window_rect.top;

        button_x_position = window_width / 2 - button_width / 2;
    }

    Facet * window_details = new Facet(hWnd, window_width, window_height);

    switch (message)
    {
        case WM_CREATE:
            {
                // Owner draw button
                if (window_width != NULL)
                {
                    CreateWindow(L"BUTTON", L"", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON | BS_OWNERDRAW,
                        button_x_position, button_y_position, button_width, button_height, hWnd, (HMENU)12321, hInst, NULL);
                }
                return 0;
            }
        /*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*/
        case WM_COMMAND:
            {
                int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
                // Parse the menu selections:
                switch (wmId)
                {
                    case IDM_ABOUT:
                        DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                        break;
                    case IDM_EXIT:
                        DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                        break;
                    default:
                        /*PoI* _____________________________________________________ *PoI*/
                        if (window_details->actionPerformed(hWnd, wParam, lParam))
                            return 0;
                        /*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*/
                        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
                }
            }
            break;

        /*PoI* _____________________________________________________ *PoI*/
        // Owner draw button
        case WM_DRAWITEM:
            if (window_width != NULL)
                return window_details->decorateButton(wParam, lParam);
            break;
        /*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*/

        case WM_CTLCOLORBTN:
            { // make the colour of our button's background match window's background
                return (LRESULT)CreateSolidBrush(window_background_color);
            }
        case WM_PAINT:
            {
                PAINTSTRUCT ps;
                HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

                /*PoI* ___________________________________________________________________________________ *PoI*/
                if (window_width != NULL) {
                    // Colour window background
                    FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)CreateSolidBrush(window_background_color));

                    // and draw a demarcation line
                    MoveToEx(hdc, 0, button_height + 2 * button_y_position, NULL);
                    LineTo(hdc, window_width, button_height + 2 * button_y_position);

                    window_details->informPaint();
                }
                else {
                    MessageBox(hWnd, L"Something is not up to specification!", L"Version Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
                }
                /*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*/

                EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            }
            break;
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            return 0;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    /*PoI* ______________ *PoI*/
    delete window_details;
    /*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*/
    return 0;
}

// Message handler for about box.
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

Frame/Button Header file

#pragma once

class Facet
{
public:
    Facet(HWND, int, int);
    virtual ~Facet();
    bool decorateButton(WPARAM, LPARAM);
    bool actionPerformed(HWND, WPARAM, LPARAM);
    void informPaint();
};

Frame/Button Class file

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Facet.h"
#include "MovingBody.h"

MovingBody* traction;

/*
* Our custom class that interfaces between the parent window
* and the subsequent daemonstrator classes
*/
Facet::Facet(HWND hWnd, int window_width, int window_height)
{
    traction = new MovingBody(hWnd, window_width, window_height);
}

/*
* This guy decorates buttons with colour and title text
*/
bool Facet::decorateButton(WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    // button glide calling
    if (wParam == 12321)
    {
        LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT lpDIS = (LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT)lParam;

        SetDCBrushColor(lpDIS->hDC, RGB(255, 192, 203));
        SelectObject(lpDIS->hDC, GetStockObject(DC_BRUSH));

        RECT rect = { 0 };
        rect.left = lpDIS->rcItem.left;
        rect.right = lpDIS->rcItem.right;
        rect.top = lpDIS->rcItem.top;
        rect.bottom = lpDIS->rcItem.bottom;

        RoundRect(lpDIS->hDC, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom, 50, 50);
        DrawText(lpDIS->hDC, TEXT("GLIDE"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);

        return TRUE;
    }
    return FALSE;
}

/*
* Call the target class' draw method
*/
void Facet::informPaint() {
    traction->paint();
}

/*
* Say there is more than a single push button,
* this guy picks out the correct button that got clicked
* and calls the corresponding apt function
*/
bool Facet::actionPerformed(HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (LOWORD(wParam))
    {
    case 12321:
        traction->doGlide();
        return TRUE;
    default:
        return FALSE;
    }
}

Facet::~Facet()
{
    delete traction;
}

MovingBody Header file

#pragma once
class MovingBody
{
public:
    MovingBody(HWND, int, int);
    virtual ~MovingBody();
    void paint();
    void doGlide();
protected:
    HWND hWindow;
    HDC hdc;
    int window_width;
    int window_height;
    COLORREF ball_colour;
    int x;
    int y;
    HPEN background_pen;
    HBRUSH background_brush;
    HPEN ball_pen;
    HBRUSH ball_brush;
};

C++ Code for MovingBody Class file

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "MovingBody.h"

#define aWIDTH 80
#define aHEIGHT 80

MovingBody::MovingBody(HWND hWnd, int window_width, int window_height)
{
    hWindow = hWnd; // save away window handle
    this->window_width = window_width; // save away window width
    this->window_height = window_height; // save away window height

    ball_colour = RGB(255, 0, 0); // travelling ball colour
    x = 10; // x-coordinate of ball
    y = 110; // y-coordinate of ball

    // Pen and brush matching background colour
    background_pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(192, 192, 192));
    background_brush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(192, 192, 192));

    // Pen and brush for travelling ball
    ball_pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0, 0, 0));
    ball_brush = CreateSolidBrush(ball_colour);

    hdc = GetDC(hWindow);
}

/*
* draws the ball/circle using the apt color
*/
void MovingBody::paint() {
    // erase previous circle
    SelectObject(hdc, background_pen); // select background colour
    SelectObject(hdc, background_brush); // select background colour
    Ellipse(hdc, x - 10, y, x - 10 + aWIDTH, y + aHEIGHT);

    // draw a circle
    SelectObject(hdc, ball_pen); // select ball colour
    SelectObject(hdc, ball_brush);
    Ellipse(hdc, x, y, x + aWIDTH, y + aHEIGHT);
}

/*
Repeatedly draws ball so as to simulate a continuous motion
*/
void MovingBody::doGlide() {
    // condition for continuing motion
    while (x + aWIDTH <= window_width) {
        paint();

        x += 10;
        // introduce a delay between renderings
        Sleep(50);
    }
}

MovingBody::~MovingBody()
{
    DeleteObject(background_pen);
    DeleteObject(background_brush);

    DeleteObject(ball_pen);
    DeleteObject(ball_brush);

    ReleaseDC(hWindow, hdc);
}

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