Selection with Limited Repetition in C++
Selection with limited repetition is a common problem in combinatorics and algorithm design. It arises when elements may be chosen more than once, but only within defined constraints such as a maximum or minimum number of selections. This page explains how to implement selection with limited repetition in C++, using clear logic and practical examples.
The techniques presented here are particularly useful in educational contexts, simulations, assessments, and applications where unrestricted repetition is not permitted.
Understanding Selection with Constrained Repetition | Explanation for C++ Kids
In standard selection problems, elements may either be chosen once (without repetition) or an unlimited number of times (with repetition). Selection with constrained repetition lies between these two extremes. Each element can be selected multiple times, but only up to a specified limit.
From a combinatorics perspective, this type of selection is important when modeling real-world scenarios where resources, choices, or outcomes are bounded. Translating this logic into C++ requires tracking how often each item is selected and enforcing limits programmatically.
Selection with Limits on Repetition Scenario. | Explanation for C++ Kids
So it's Christmas, and your mum delegates you, for some mysterious reason, to go buy nine (9) balloons - of any of the colours red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, pink, milk, white,- for home decoration.
But here's the catch. You are to buy:
- a minimum of 1 red balloon and a maximum of 4 red balloons;
- a minimum of 1 orange balloon and a maximum of 3 orange balloons;
- a minimum of 1 yellow balloon and a maximum of 2 yellow balloons;
- a minimum of 1 green balloon and a maximum of 4 green balloons;
- a minimum of 1 blue balloon and a maximum of 3 blue balloons;
- a minimum of 1 indigo balloon and a maximum of 2 indigo balloons;
- a minimum of 1 violet balloon and a maximum of 4 violet balloons;
- a minimum of 1 pink balloon and a maximum of 3 pink balloons;
- a minimum of 1 gray balloon and a maximum of 2 gray balloons;
- a minimum of 1 white balloon and a maximum of 4 white balloons.
With these conditions, every family member's favourite colour is covered for,
and the decoration mix is also kept lively.
This is quite a handful for you to handle...
Comparison of Selection Types
Understanding which algorithmic counting method to use depends on your repetition rules:
| Selection Type | Repetition Rule | Mathematical Context |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Combinations | No Repetition | Standard nCr |
| Multiset Combinations | Infinite Repetition | Stars and Bars Method |
| Constrained Selections | Limited Repetition | Multiset with Upper and Lower Bounds |
- Combinations with Constraints: Unlike the standard nCr formula, limited repetition requires checking the state of the "pool" at every step of the selection.
- Recursive Selection with Repetition: To find all possible sets, we use a recursive approach (backtracking) that decrements the available count of an item once it is selected.
- Stars and Bars Adaption: While the "Stars and Bars" method works for infinite repetition, limited supply problems often require generating functions or recursive algorithms to solve efficiently.
Implementing a Limited Repetition Selection Algorithm
The implementation below demonstrates a limited repetition selection algorithm in C++. The algorithm evaluates each potential selection and confirms that repetition limits are not exceeded before accepting it.
This form of constrained selection C++ code is reusable and can be adapted for different limits, element sets, or selection sizes. It is especially suitable for interactive applications where selections are built dynamically.
C++ Algorithm for Selection with Limits
A C++ selection algorithm with limits typically involves:
- Maintaining a count of how many times each element has been selected
- Validating each new selection against predefined repetition constraints
- Preventing selections that exceed allowed bounds
By applying these checks consistently, it is possible to generate valid combinations while respecting repetition rules. This approach ensures that the resulting selections meet the mathematical requirements of limited repetition.
The C++ code for Selection with Conditioned Repetition will be based on that for Selection with boundless Repetition in C++ . It makes use of the groupSelection function from the C++ Selection with Repetition algorithm.
All that is needed after Selection with Limitless Repetition is a Productive, as opposed to Summative, check of the results from the Selection with limitless Repetition for those options that meet our conditions.
This is how our Limited Repetitive Selection algorithm in C++ will work.
Create a new C++ class file;
Call it SelectionWithLimitedRepetition
.
Type out the adjoining C++ code for Selection with Conditioned Repetition.
Applications in Tertiary Mathematics | Explanation for C++ Kids
This multiset combination generator is an essential tool for students exploring:
- Probability Theory: Calculating outcomes where resources are finite.
- Computer Science: Resource allocation and optimization algorithms.
- Statistical Mechanics: Distributing particles across states with occupancy limits.
By merging the mathematical theory of combinations with limited repetition with C++ recursion, we can solve complex distribution problems that traditional formulas cannot easily address.
Practical Applications of Constrained Selection
Selection with limited repetition in C++ is more than just theory. It can be applied to:
- Lottery draws where numbers can repeat but only within limits.
- Password generation with restricted character repetition.
- Scheduling problems where resources can be reused but not indefinitely.
- Quiz and test generators where answer options must not repeat excessively
- Randomized simulations with controlled outcomes
- Educational tools demonstrating combinatorial principles
- Games or decision systems with rule-based constraints
These examples highlight how conditional selection algorithms in C++ solve real-world problems.
By implementing C++ combinations with constraints, developers can ensure both correctness and flexibility.
Summary: C++ Selection with Limited Repetition Algorithm
This page has demonstrated how to perform selection with limited repetition in C++ using clear combinatorial logic and constraint enforcement. By tracking selection counts and applying bounds, you can build robust and reusable selection algorithms suitable for a wide range of applications.
Understanding and implementing constrained repetition not only strengthens your C++ skills but also deepens your grasp of applied combinatorics.
C++ Code for Selection With Limited Repetition - Header File
#include "Selection.h"
#include <array>
class SelectionWithLimitedRepetition : public Selection
{
public:
SelectionWithLimitedRepetition();
virtual ~SelectionWithLimitedRepetition();
vector<vector<string>> limitedSelection(vector<string>, unsigned short, unsigned short[], unsigned short[]);
private:
vector<vector<string>> final_elements;
};
C++ Code for Selection With Limited Repetition - Class File
#include "SelectionWithLimitedRepetition.h"
#include <iostream>
SelectionWithLimitedRepetition::SelectionWithLimitedRepetition() : Selection()
{
}
vector<vector<string>> SelectionWithLimitedRepetition::limitedSelection(vector<string> candidates, unsigned short dimension, unsigned short minimum[], unsigned short maximum[]) {
final_elements = {};
groupSelection(candidates, dimension);
for (int i = 0; i < complete_group.size(); i++) {
bool state = false;
for (int j = 0; j < words.size(); j++) {
// get 'words[j]' frequency/count in group
int frequency = count(complete_group[i].begin(), complete_group[i].end(), words[j]);
if (frequency >= minimum[j] && frequency <= maximum[j]) {
state = true;
}
else {
state = false;
break;
}
}
// skip if already in net
if (state) {
final_elements.push_back(complete_group[i]);
}
}
return final_elements;
}
SelectionWithLimitedRepetition::~SelectionWithLimitedRepetition()
{
}
C++ Code for Selection With Limited Repetition - Main Class
#include "SelectionWithLimitedRepetition.h"
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<string> goods = { "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" };
unsigned short min_occurrence[]{ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 };
unsigned short max_occurrence[]{ 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 4 };
SelectionWithLimitedRepetition choose;
vector<vector<string>> result = choose.limitedSelection(goods, 4, min_occurrence, max_occurrence);
// print choices and operation
cout << "\n[ ";
for (string choice : choose.words) {
cout << choice << "; ";
}
cout << "] conditioned selection " << choose.r << ":\n\n";
// print out selections nicely
int i = 0;
for (vector<string> set : result) {
i++;
cout << i << ": ";
for (string member : set) {
cout << member << "; ";
}
cout << "\n";
}
cout << "\nNumber of ways is " << result.size() << ".";
return 0;
}